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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 82(3): 371-382, sept. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409949

ABSTRACT

Resumen EPOS 2020 (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020) es una guía clínica desarrollada por un grupo profesionales expertos en el área rinosinusal de la Sociedad Europea de Rinología, que corresponde a la última actualización de sus versiones anteriores (2005, 2007 y 2012). El objetivo principal del documento es entregar recomendaciones claras basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible y algoritmos de manejo concisos para las patologías de rinosinusitis aguda y crónica tanto en adultos como en pacientes pediátricos. Algunas de las novedades más importantes de esta guía, son: nueva clasificación de rinosinusitis crónica en primarias y secundarias, rinosinusitis crónica en pediatría, nuevos conceptos en cirugía sinusal, entre otros. También enfatiza la importancia de manejo multidisciplinario de la patología, incluyendo el autocuidado del paciente, inclusive promoviendo el uso de medicamentos de venta libre, antes del manejo médico en niveles escalonados de atención. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer de manera resumida el manejo de rinosinusitis aguda y crónica en adultos propuesta en esta guía.


Abstract EPOS 2020 (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020) is a clinical guide developed by a group of professional experts in the rhinosinusal area of the European Society of Rhinology, which corresponds to the latest update of its previous versions (2005, 2007 and 2012). The main objective of the document is to bring clear recommendations based on the best available evidence and concise management algorithms for the pathologies of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in both adults and pediatric patients. Some of the most important novelties of this guide are: new classification of chronic rhinosinusitis in primary and secondary, chronic rhinosinusitis in pediatrics, new concepts in sinus surgery, among others. It also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management of the pathology, including self-care of the patient, promoting the use of over-the-counter medications, before medical management at tiered levels of care. The objective of this review is to present in a summarized way the management of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in adults proposed in this guide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/classification , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/classification , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Nasal Polyps/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis, Differential
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 80(3): 352-359, set. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144900

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los pacientes trasplantados presentan mayor vulnerabilidad a complicaciones infecciosas, no solo debido al uso de drogas inmunosupresoras, sino que también, a las enfermedades subyacentes que presentan y a la falla de órganos primarios. A pesar de que las infecciones otorrinolaringológicas no son frecuentes en estos pacientes, es importante establecer un adecuado estudio y tratamiento de ellas. A través del siguiente artículo se aportan directrices en el estudio pretrasplante desde un enfoque otorrinolaringológico, generando recomendaciones de acuerdo a la patología del paciente y el órgano a trasplantar. Si bien, las recomendaciones se realizan según evaluación rinosinusal, otológica y faringoamigdalina, una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico son los pilares de la evaluación pretrasplante en otorrinolaringología, reservándose el estudio con imágenes para aquellos pacientes con alteraciones sospechosas.


Abstract Transplanted patients have higher frequency of infectious complications, not only due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, but also the underlying diseases that present and the failure of primary organs. Although ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections are not frequent in these patients, it is important to establish an adequate study and treatment of them. Through the following article, guidelines are provided in the pretransplant study from an ENT approach, generating recommendations according to the pathology of the patient and the organ to be transplanted. Although, the recommendations are made according to rhinosinusal, otological and pharyngotonsiline evaluation, adequate anamnesis and physical examination are the pillars of the pretransplant evaluation in otolaryngology, reserving the study with images for patients with suspicious alterations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/surgery , Organ Transplantation , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Otitis Media/therapy , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/therapy , Surgical Clearance/methods , Infections
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 80(2): 237-246, jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115840

ABSTRACT

La rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) en niños corresponde a la inflamación de la mucosa de la cavidad nasal y senos paranasales, presentando síntomas como obstrucción nasal, descarga nasal, presión o dolor facial y tos, presentes por más de 12 semanas. Conlleva una gran carga de morbilidad para quienes la padecen, y un alto costo económico. Su diagnóstico constituye un desafío debido a la sobreposición de síntomas con infecciones respiratorias altas y otras condiciones no infecciosas. En los últimos años se han dilucidado nuevos factores contribuyentes como los biofilms , disfunción del microbioma, y el creciente papel de mecanismos inflamatorios no infecciosos. El estudio imagenológico de elección es la tomografía computarizada, preferentemente en casos de duda diagnóstica, falta de respuesta a tratamiento o sospecha de complicaciones. El tratamiento de primera línea es el manejo médico, basado en irrigación nasal, posible uso de antibióticos prolongados y corticoides nasales. Para casos refractarios se plantean intervenciones quirúrgicas, siendo la adenoidectomía la primera elección, principalmente en niños menores; otras intervenciones incluyen la cirugía endoscópica de cavidades paranasales. Nuevas terapias biológicas están siendo estudiadas basadas en los mecanismos inflamatorios no infecciosos de la RSC y su relación con comorbilidades como el asma.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children is the inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa, presenting symptoms such as obstruction, nasal discharge, pressure or facial pain and cough, which extends for more than 12 weeks. It represents a great burden for those affected, with high economic cost. Its diagnosis constitutes a challenge due to the overlap of symptoms with other upper respiratory infections and other non-infectious conditions. In recent years, new contributing factors have been elucidated, such as biofilms, microbiome dysfunction, and the growing role of noninfectious inflammatory mechanisms. Diagnosis depends on the recognition of characteristic symptoms and their duration. The imaging study of choice is computed tomography, especially in cases of diagnostic doubt, lack of response to treatment or suspicion of complications. First-line treatment of is based on nasal irrigation, possible use of prolonged antibiotics and nasal corticosteroids. For refractory cases, surgical intervention is proposed, with adenoidectomy being the first choice, mainly in younger children; other interventions include endoscopic sinus surgery. New biological therapies are being studied based on noninfectious inflammatory mechanisms of CRS and its comorbidities such as asthma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/etiology , Sinusitis/physiopathology , Rhinitis/etiology , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Chronic Disease
4.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 13(1): 35-39, abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114891

ABSTRACT

La cirugía de elevación de seno maxilar se considera como la técnica de aumento óseo más predecible. Sin embargo, no está exenta de complicaciones las cuales deben ser manejadas adecuadamente. Se presenta un caso clínico rehabilitado, con un seguimiento de 3 años, en el cual se realizó un manejo multidisciplinario y resolutivo de complicaciones asociadas a la técnica quirúrgica de elevación de membrana sinusal vía ventana lateral. Frente a una infección postoperatoria, como la presentada en el caso, hay que considerar iniciar un tratamiento antibiótico en el momento adecuado para impedir el agravamiento del cuadro clínico o un cambio de esquema en caso de resistencia antimicrobiana.


Maxillary sinus lift surgery is considered the most predictable bone augmentation technique. However, this procedure is not without complications, which must be handled properly. We present a rehabilitated clinical case, with a 3-year follow-up, in which a multidisciplinary and resolutive management of complications associated with the surgical technique of sinus lift procedure, using lateral window approach, was performed. In case of postoperative infection, such as the one presented in this report, it is necessary to consider starting an antibiotic treatment at the adequate moment to prevent the aggravation of the illness or change the pharmacological treatment in case of antimicrobial resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sinusitis/therapy , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinus Floor Augmentation/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/rehabilitation , Sinusitis/etiology , Sinusitis/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Dental Implants , Rhinitis/etiology , Rhinitis/microbiology , Acute Disease , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(3): 366-373, set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058709

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La rinosinusitis fúngica invasiva aguda (RSFIA) es una enfermedad poco frecuente caracterizada por una infiltración fúngica de la submucosa y vasos sanguíneos de las cavidades nasal y paranasal. Afecta a pacientes con grados variables de inmunosupresión, destacando entre estas patologías subyacentes la diabetes mellitus y las neoplasias malignas hematológicas. Presenta una alta tasa de mortalidad, pudiendo reducirse significativamente si el diagnóstico y el tratamiento se realizan precozmente. Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una revisión actualizada de la literatura respecto a la presentación clínica, microbiología, factores de riesgos, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y pronóstico de la RSFIA, tanto en adultos como en niños.


ABSTRACT Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFS) is a rare disease characterized by fungal infiltration of the submucosa and blood vessels of the nasal y paranasal cavities. It affects almost exclusively patients with different degrees of immunosuppression, with underlying pathologies such as diabetes mellitus and hematological malignancies. AIFS has a high mortality rate, but it can be significantly reduced if the diagnosis and treatment are carried out early in the course of disease. This article aims to present an updated literature review regarding clinical presentation, microbiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis of AIFS, both in adults and children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/microbiology , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/therapy , Prognosis , Acute Disease , Risk Factors , Immunocompromised Host , Debridement , Mycoses , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 14(2): 92-94, jul. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015009

ABSTRACT

Primary Ciliary Diskinesia (PCD) is a heterogeneous, rare genetic disease that can be present in up to 5% of the patients with recurrent respiratory infections. The underlying pathogenesis is disrupted ciliary function which results in delayed mucus transportation leading to chronic inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Almost all PCD patients have otolaryngologic manifestations, characterized by recurrent ear and sinus infections, chronic inflammation at this level, sensorioneural and conductive hearing loss, and sleep-disordered breathing. This article reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these manifestations.


La Disquinesia Ciliar Primaria (DCP) es una enfermedad genética heterogénea rara que puede estar presente en hasta un 5% de los pacientes que presentan infecciones respiratorias a repetición. La patogenia es secundaria a una alteración de la función ciliar que a su vez provoca una alteración del transporte de moco, resultando en una condición inflamatoria crónica en la vía aérea superior e inferior. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la esfera otorrinolaringológica en los pacientes portadores de DCP están presentes prácticamente en la totalidad de los mismos, y se caracterizan por infecciones recidivantes de oídos y cavidades perinasales, inflamación crónica a este nivel, hipoacusia neurosensorial y conductiva, y alteraciones respiratorias durante el sueño. En este artículo se revisarán los aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de dicho compromiso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Otitis Media/epidemiology , Sinusitis/epidemiology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Kartagener Syndrome/epidemiology , Otitis Media/therapy , Rhinitis/therapy , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 78(2): 180-185, jun. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961612

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se expone el caso de un paciente de 40 años con diagnóstico de granulomatosis eosinofílica con poliangeítis subyacente a una rinosinusitis crónica recalcitrante. Se describe el caso y se discuten aspectos relevantes de la literatura al respecto.


ABSTRACT We report the case of a 40-year-old man with diagnosis of chronic recalcitrant rhino-sinusitis secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We described the case and discuss relevant aspects of the literature about it.


Subject(s)
Sinusitis/surgery , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/surgery , Rhinitis/therapy , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/surgery , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/therapy , Eosinophilia/surgery , Eosinophilia/therapy , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Rhinitis/diagnostic imaging , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnostic imaging , Eosinophilia/diagnostic imaging
8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(5): 546-551, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889295

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Topical therapies are the best postoperative treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially those with high volume and pressure, such as the squeeze bottles. However, they are not an available option in Brazil, where irrigation syringes are used. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of topical sinonasal therapy with syringe and the influence of the middle turbinate on this process Methods: Intervention study in training models (S.I.M.O.N.T.). After standard dissection, three interventions were performed (Nasal Spray 4 puffs, 60-mL syringe and 240-mL Squeeze Bottle) with normal and Sutured Middle Turbinate. Images of each sinus were captured after the interventions, totalizing 144 images. The images were classified by 10 evaluators according to the amount of residual volume from zero to 3, with zero and 1 being considered poor penetration and 2 and 3, good penetration. The 1440 evaluations were used in this study. Results: Considering all middle turbinate situations, the amount of good penetrations were 8.1% for Spray; 68.3% for Syringe, and 78.3% for Squeeze (p < 0.0001). Considering all types of interventions, the Normal Middle Turbinate group had 48.2% of good penetrations and the Sutured Middle Turbinate, 55% (p = 0.01). Considering only the Sutured Middle Turbinates, there was no difference between the interventions with Syringe and Squeeze (76.3% vs. 80.4%; p = 0.27). Conclusion: Topical therapy of irrigation with a 60-mL syringe was more effective than that with nasal spray. The status of the middle turbinate proved to be fundamental and influenced topical therapy. Irrigation with syringe was as effective as the squeeze bottle when the middle turbinate was sutured to the nasal septum.


Resumo Introdução: Terapias tópicas são a melhor opção de tratamento pós-operatório da rinossinusite crônica, principalmente com alto volume e pressão, como os squeeze bottles. Porém, não são opções disponíveis na realidade brasileira, na qual frequentemente são usados seringas para a irrigação. Objetivo: Averiguar a eficácia da terapia tópica nasossinusal com seringa e a influência da concha média nesse processo. Método: Estudo de intervenção em modelos de treinamento (S.I.M.O.N.T.). Após dissecção padronizada, três intervenções foram feitas (spray nasal 4 puffs, seringa de 60 mL e squeeze bottle de 240 mL) com a concha média normal e suturada. Foram capturadas imagens de cada seio após as intervenções, totalizando 144 imagens. As imagens foram classificadas por 10 avaliadores de acordo com a quantidade de volume residual de zero a 3, sendo zero e 1 considerados penetração ruim e 2 e 3, penetração boa. As 1.440 avaliações foram utilizadas neste estudo. Resultados: Considerando todas as situações de concha média, a quantidade de penetrações boas foi de 8,1% para spray; 68,3% para seringa e 78,3% para squeeze (p < 0,0001). Considerando todos os tipos de intervenção, a concha média normal obteve 48,2% de penetrações boas e a concha média suturada, 55% (p = 0,01). Considerando apenas concha média suturada, não houve diferença entre as intervenções seringa e squeeze (76,3% vs. 80,4%; p = 0,27). Conclusão: A terapia tópica de irrigação com seringa de 60 mL foi mais eficaz do que com spray nasal. O status da concha média mostrou-se fundamental e influenciou a terapia tópica. A irrigação com seringa foi tão eficaz quanto a com squeeze bottle quando a concha média foi suturada ao septo nasal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Sinusitis/therapy , Syringes , Rhinitis/therapy , Turbinates/surgery , Turbinates/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Endoscopy , Therapeutic Irrigation/instrumentation
10.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(3): 263-268, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785827

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) consists of a classic tetrad: moderate/severe asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and intolerance to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical control with drugs, surgery, and desensitization are treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aspirin desensitization in patients with AERD. METHODS: Periodic symptom assessment and endoscopy in patients with AERD undergoing surgery who were desensitized. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were desensitized. Eight patients completed the desensitization and were followed for a minimum of a one-year period (mean 3.1 years). These patients showed improvement in all symptoms. Moreover, surgical reassessment was not indicated in any of these patients and there was a decrease in costs with medication and procedures. Eight patients did not complete desensitization, mainly due to procedure intolerance and uncontrolled asthma, whereas another patient was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Aspirin desensitization, when tolerated, was effective in patients with AERD and with poor clinical/surgical response.


Resumo Introdução: A doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina é composta pela tétrade clássica: asma moderada/grave, rinossinusite crônica, pólipos nasais e intolerância à aspirina ou outro anti-inflamatório não esteroide. Controle clínico com medicamentos, cirurgias e dessensibilização são opções de tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e tolerabilidade da dessensibilização à aspirina em pacientes com doença exacerbada por aspirina. Método: Avaliação periódica dos sintomas e exame endoscópico em pacientes com doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina submetidos à cirurgia e dessensibilizados. Resultados: Dezessete pacientes foram dessensibilizados, dos quais oito pacientes completaram a dessensibilização e foram acompanhados pelo tempo mínimo de 1 ano (média de 3,1 anos). Todos referiram melhora de todos os sintomas; não houve nenhuma indicação de reabordagem cirúrgica, e houve redução de gastos com medicações e procedimentos. Outros oito pacientes não completaram a dessensibilização, principalmente por intolerância ao procedimento e descontrole da asma, enquanto outro paciente perdeu o seguimento. Conclusão: A dessensibilização à aspirina, quando tolerada, mostrou-se eficaz nos pacientes com doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina com resposta clínica/cirúrgica insatisfatória.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Nasal Polyps/therapy , Desensitization, Immunologic , Asthma, Aspirin-Induced/therapy , Sinusitis/chemically induced , Sinusitis/immunology , Rhinitis/chemically induced , Rhinitis/immunology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/immunology , Aspirin/adverse effects , Aspirin/immunology , Nasal Polyps/chemically induced , Nasal Polyps/immunology , Chronic Disease , Treatment Outcome , Asthma, Aspirin-Induced/immunology
11.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(1): 105-111, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775705

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There is a controversy concerning the terminology and definition of rhinitis in pregnancy. Gestational rhinitis is a relatively common condition, which has drawn increasing interest in recent years due to a possible association with maternal obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and unfavorable fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To review the current knowledge on gestacional rhinitis, and to assess its evidence. METHODS: Structured literature search. RESULTS: Gestational rhinitis and rhinitis "during pregnancy" are somewhat similar conditions regarding their physiopathology and treatment, but differ regarding definition and prognosis. Hormonal changes have a presumed etiological role, but knowledge about the physiopathology of gestational rhinitis is still lacking. Management of rhinitis during pregnancy focuses on the minimal intervention required for symptom relief. CONCLUSION: As it has a great impact on maternal quality of life, both the otorhinolaryngologist and the obstetrician must be careful concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of gestational rhinitis, considering the safety of treatment measures and drugs and their current level of evidence.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Há grande confusão quanto à terminologia e definição da rinite na gestação. A rinite gestacional é uma condição relativamente comum que vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos pela descoberta de sua associação com a SAOS materna e possíveis desfechos desfavoráveis ao feto. Há pouca evidência na literatura nacional sobre o tema. OBJETIVO: Revisar o conhecimento científico atual sobre a rinite na gestação e suas evidências disponíveis. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura estruturada. RESULTADOS: A rinite gestacional e a rinite "durante a gestação" são condições com alguns pontos de fisiopatologia e tratamento semelhantes, mas com definições e prognósticos diferentes. O papel dos hormônios nessas condições vem sendo sugerido por muitos trabalhos, mas o conhecimento sobre a fisiopatogenia da rinite gestacional ainda é escasso. O manejo da rinite na gestação requer o mínimo de intervenção com o maior alívio sintomático possível. CONCLUSÃO: Dado o grande impacto na qualidade de vida da gestante, tanto o otorrinolaringologista quanto o obstetra devem estar atentos para o diagnóstico precoce e manejo desta entidade, considerando o perfil de segurança e o nível de evidência das medidas e medicamentos disponíveis atualmente.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Risk Factors , Rhinitis/etiology , Rhinitis/therapy , Terminology as Topic
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 41(1): 65-76, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741555

ABSTRACT

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is an irreversible genetic disease, advances in treatment have increased the life expectancy of CF patients. Upper airway involvement, which is mainly due to pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses, is prevalent in CF patients, although many are only mildly symptomatic (with few symptoms). The objective of this literature review was to discuss the pathophysiology and current therapeutic management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in CF patients. The review was based on current evidence, which was classified in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. When symptomatic, CRS with nasal polyps can affect quality of life and can lead to pulmonary exacerbations, given that the paranasal sinuses can be colonized with pathogenic bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infection with P. aeruginosa plays a crucial role in morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation in CF patients. Although clinical treatment of the upper airways is recommended as initial management, this recommendation is often extrapolated from studies of CRS in the general population. When sinonasal disease is refractory to noninvasive therapy, surgery is indicated. Further studies are needed in order to gain a better understanding of upper airway involvement and improve the management of CRS in CF patients, with the objective of preserving lung function and avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures.


A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética irreversível, mas os avanços no tratamento têm aumentado a expectativa de vida dos pacientes. O acometimento das vias aéreas superiores, principalmente por alterações patológicas dos seios paranasais, é prevalente nesses pacientes, embora muitos apresentem poucos sintomas. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir a fisiopatologia e o manejo terapêutico atual da rinossinusite crônica (RSC) na FC. A revisão fundamentou-se nas evidências mais recentes, classificadas em conformidade com os critérios do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Quando sintomática, a RSC com pólipos nasais pode afetar a qualidade de vida e as exacerbações pulmonares, já que os seios paranasais podem ser colonizados por bactérias patogênicas, principalmente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Essa bactéria tem papel crucial na morbidade e mortalidade após o transplante pulmonar em pacientes com FC. Embora o tratamento clínico das vias aéreas superiores seja indicado no manejo inicial, a indicação é muitas vezes extrapolada de estudos sobre RSC na população geral. A cirurgia é a alternativa quando o quadro nasossinusal é refratário à terapia não invasiva. Mais estudos são necessários para compreender melhor o acometimento das vias aéreas superiores e melhorar o manejo da RSC na FC, a fim de preservar a função pulmonar e evitar procedimentos invasivos desnecessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Nasal Polyps/diagnosis , Nasal Polyps/therapy , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/therapy , Chronic Disease , Evidence-Based Medicine , Nasal Polyps/etiology , Paranasal Sinuses , Rhinitis/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 80(6): 470-475, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730459

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure, developed with the aim of restoring patency of the paranasal sinuses ostia with minimal damage to the mucosa. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon sinuplasty in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study comprising 18 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis who underwent balloon sinuplasty. Patients were evaluated for clinical criteria, quality of life (Sino-Nasal Outcome Questionnaire Test-20 SNOT-20]), and computed tomography of the sinuses (Lund–Mackay staging) preoperatively and three to six months after the procedure. Results: Out of 18 patients assessed, 13 were included, with a mean age of 39.9 ± 15.6 years. Ostia sinuplasty was performed in 24 ostia (four sphenoid, ten frontal, and ten maxillary sinus). At the follow-up, 22 (92%) ostia were patent and there was no major complication. There was symptomatic improvement (SNOT-20), with Cronbach coefficients for consistency of the questionnaire items of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.73–0.94) preoperatively and of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95) postoperatively, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.001). In addition, there was marked reduction of the computed tomography signs, an average of 4.2 point score (p <0.001). Conclusion: Sinuplasty is effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life as a treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis in selected patients. .


Introdução: Sinuplastia com balão é um procedimento endoscópico minimamente invasivo, desenvolvido com o objetivo de restaurar a patência dos óstios dos seios paranasais com mínimo dano à mucosa. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da sinuplastia com balão em pacientes com diagnóstico de rinossinusite crônica. Método: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, envolvendo 18 pacientes com rinossinusite crônica sem polipose submetidos à sinuplastia com balão. Foram avaliados critérios clínicos, qualidade de vida (SNOT-20) e tomografia computadorizada dos seios da face (estadiamento de Lund - Mackay) três a seis meses após o procedimento. Resultados: Dos dezoito pacientes avaliados, 13 foram incluídos, com média de idade 39.9 ± 15.6 anos. A sinuplastia foi realizada em 24 óstios (10 frontais, 10 maxilares e 4 esfenóides). Após acompanhamento, 22 (92%) óstios permaneceram patentes, sem ter ocorrido nenhuma complicação maior. Houve melhora sintomática (SNOT-20) com coeficiente de Cronbach para consistência dos itens do questionário de 0,86 (IC95% 0,73 - 0,94) no pré-operatório e 0,88 (IC95% 0,77 - 0,95) no pós-operatório, respectivamente, sendo estatisticamente significativa a diferenca (P< 0,001) e reducão marcante dos sinais à tomografia, em média 4,2 pontos do escore (P<0,001). Conclusão: Sinuplastia mostrou-se efetiva para redução de sintomas e melhora da qualidade devida como opção de tratamento da rinossinusite crônica em pacientes selecionados. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Catheterization , Endoscopy/methods , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/therapy , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
17.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1170978

ABSTRACT

The link between upper and lower airways has been observed in the past, but only carefully investigated during the last years. Allergic rhinitis and asthma are often comorbid conditions. Its relationship is supported by epidemiological, anatomical and physiological, immunopathological, clinical and therapeutic studies, mostly related to allergic rhinitis. Rhinitis and asthma occur together at rates that greatly exceed what would be expected from the baseline prevalence of each disorder alone. Many researchers have considered rhinitis as a risk factor for developing asthma. Also, the severity of rhinitis has been directly correlated with the severity of asthma although less evidence supporting the reverse impact. Different clinical and experimental observations suggested the hypothesis of the unity of upper and lower respiratory tract. Evidence suggests that rhinitis and asthma are different facets of a broader systemic inflammatory process involving upper and lower airways. Treatment of rhinitis simultaneously produces a favorable effect on symptoms of asthma and concurrent improvement in lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In this article, we review the most relevant epidemiological, genetic and clinical evidence linking rhinitis and asthma, the possible mechanisms of the nose-lung interaction and the rational basis of a set treatment that support the hypothesis of "one airway, one disease "considering aspects not yet clarified on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/complications , Rhinitis/complications , Asthma/physiopathology , Asthma/therapy , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Rhinitis/therapy
18.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(1): 39-44, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679041

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La recirculación de moco entre el ostium natural del seno maxilar y otras aberturas en el seno, altera el transporte mucociliar normal, favorece su acumula-ción y sobreinfección, perpetuando el fenómeno inflamatorio. Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con rinosinusitis maxilar crónica y/o aguda recurrente cuyo estudio reveló recirculación maxilar. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se revisaron historias clínicas, nasofibroscopías, informes radiológicos y hallazgos operatorios. Resultados: Ocho pacientes con edad promedio de 43 años. El 100%% presentó antecedente de cirugía que involucraba el seno maxilar. Todos se presentaron como rinosinusitis maxilar crónica y/o aguda con reagudizaciones frecuentes (3 episodios/ año). El diagnóstico se realizó mediante nasofibroscopía que evidenció recirculación de moco entre ostium natural y accesorio. Cinco pacientes se sometieron a cirugía endoscópica para unir el ostium accesorio (OA) al natural, disminuyendo el número de exacerbaciones. Conclusión: La recirculación maxilar se debe sospechar en pacientes con diagnóstico de rinosinusitis maxilar crónica y/o aguda recurrente con antecedente de cirugías que involucren el seno maxilar. Su diagnóstico se basa en la observación de recirculación de moco a la nasofibroscopía. El manejo es quirúrgico y dependerá de la ubicación del OA y de la permeabilidad del ostium natural.


Introduction: Recirculation of mucus between the maxillary sinus natural ostium and adjacent openings disturbs mucociliary clearence leading to secretions accumulation and persistent infection, perpetuating the inflammatory phenomenon. Aim: Describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment ofpatients with maxillary rhinosinusitis (chronic or acute recurrent) and maxillary recirculation. Material and method: Descriptive and retrospective study. Clinical records, radiologic characteristic, nasal endoscopies and surgical findings were reviewed. Results: 8 patients, mean age of 43 years. All of them had prior history of maxillary sinus surgery. Clinical presentation was maxillary rhinosinusitis, chronic or acute, with frequent episodes ofreagudization (3 episodes/year). The diagnosis was made by endoscopic nasal examination that showed mucus recirculation between natural and accessory ostium. Endoscopic sinus surgery was done in 5patients in order to communicate the accessory to the natural ostium, leading to a decrease in the number of exacerbations. Conclusions: Maxillary recirculation must be suspected in patients with maxillary rhinosinusitis (chronic or acute recurrent) who have had prior surgical procedures that involve the maxillary sinus. The diagnosis is based on the observation of the recirculation phenomenon in the nasal endoscopy. The treatment is surgical and depends on the location of the accessory ostium and the permeability of the natural ostium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Maxillary Sinusitis/diagnosis , Maxillary Sinusitis/therapy , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/therapy , Recurrence , Maxillary Sinusitis/physiopathology , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Mucociliary Clearance , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Endoscopy , Mucus
19.
Diagn. tratamento ; 18(1)jan.-mar. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670589

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A própolis é substância extraída das colmeias e dita com propriedades medicinais.Objetivo: Verificar evidências do uso da própolis no tratamento de doenças.Métodos: Busca eletrônica sistematizada da literatura de artigos que avaliem o uso da própolis na terapêutica médica.Resultados: Encontramos estudos experimentais que mostraram efeitos bactericidas, principalmente em cocos Grampositivos,efeitos antivirais e efeitos antifúngicos. Um estudo experimental mostrou efeito apoptótico do extrato daprópolis em células de melanoma humano. Não encontramos nenhuma revisão sistemática. Um estudo mostrou efeitoantigiárdia semelhante a um derivado imidazólico. Dois estudos comprovaram efeito preventivo e terapêutico nasinfecções rinofaríngeas. Um estudo demonstrou efeito antiviral em herpes genital superior ao aciclovir. Outro estudoem cervicite uterina mostrou que o extrato da própolis foi superior a uma solução de lugol no tratamento infecciosoe recuperação epitelial. Dois estudos na área odontológica foram realizados: no primeiro, a própolis não mostrousuperioridade à clorexidina na prevenção da placa dentária; no segundo, a própolis foi superior a uma solução comálcool na reparação de feridas após cirurgias bucais. Em nenhum estudo há descrição de efeitos adversos.Conclusão: Pelos estudos apresentados, os efeitos anti-infecciosos tópicos da própolis estão bem demonstrados nasinfecções cutâneas, genitais e de vias aéreas superiores em estudos isolados. Há necessidade de mais estudos com boaqualidade metodológica para ratificar as demais indicações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Uterine Cervicitis/therapy , Pharyngitis/therapy , Propolis/therapeutic use , Rhinitis/therapy
20.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(4): 35-41, jul.-ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-646768

ABSTRACT

A rinossinusite é uma das principais causas de febre em pacientes críticos e deve ser sistematicamente pesquisada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da punção do seio maxilar à beira leito, no diagnóstico e no tratamento dos pacientes com rinossinusite infecciosa internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário de alta complexidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou os pacientes em ventilação mecânica com febre de origem indeterminada e sinais tomográficos de rinossinusite submetidos à punção do seio maxilar pelo meato inferior. RESULTADOS: A amostra total do estudo consistiu de 27 pacientes (70,3% do sexo masculino com média de idade 45,3 anos). Os diagnósticos de admissão mais frequentes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva foram Trauma Crânio Encefálico e Acidente Vascular Cerebral. No exame tomográfico, os seios paranasais mais acometidos foram o maxilar, em 85,2%, e esfenoidal, em 74,1%. A secreção purulenta foi visualizada no meato médio em 30,7% das fossas nasais. Os microrganismos mais frequentes nos aspirados dos seios foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii. CONCLUSÃO: A punção do seio maxilar à beira leito demonstrou-se uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica e terapêutica nos pacientes de UTI com rinossinusite hospitalar, submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva.


Rhinosinusitis is one of the most commom causes of fever of unknown origin in critically ill patients and should be systematically searched. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of maxillary sinus puncture performed at the bedside in patients with infective rhinosinusitis hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit of a high complexity care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study looks into patients on mechanical ventilation with fever of unknown origin and signs of rhinosinusitis on CT images who were submitted to inferior meatus maxillary sinus puncture. RESULTS: The total study sample consisted of 27 patients (70.3% male; mean age 45.3 years). The most common Intensive Care Unit admission diagnoses were head trauma and stroke. CT scans revealed the maxillary (85.2%) and sphenoid (74.1%) sinuses were the most involved paranasal sinuses. Middle meatus purulent drainage was seen in 30.7% of the nasal cavities. Fever was reduced in 70.4% of the patients after puncture (p < 0.001). The most commonly found organisms in sinus aspirates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus puncture performed at the bedside of the patients is an important diagnostic and theraupetic tool for critically ill patients.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/therapy , Intensive Care Units , Punctures , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/microbiology , Sinusitis/therapy
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